The Bible – Old Testament

 2 Kings

Index

Chapter 25

1

¹ In the tenth month of the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign, on the tenth day of the month, Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, and his whole army advanced against Jerusalem, encamped around it, and built siege walls on every side.

2

The siege of the city continued until the eleventh year of Zedekiah.

3

On the ninth day of the fourth month, when famine had gripped the city, and the people had no more bread,

4

the city walls were breached. Then the king and all the soldiers left the city by night through the gate between the two walls which was near the king’s garden. Since the Chaldeans had the city surrounded, they went in the direction of the Arabah.

5

But the Chaldean army pursued the king and overtook him in the desert near Jericho, abandoned by his whole army.

6

The king was therefore arrested and brought to Riblah to the king of Babylon, who pronounced sentence on him.

7

He had Zedekiah’s sons slain before his eyes. Then he blinded Zedekiah, bound him with fetters, and had him brought to Babylon.

8

On the seventh day of the fifth month (this was in the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon), Nebuzaradan, captain of the bodyguard, came to Jerusalem as the representative of the king of Babylon.

9

He burned the house of the LORD, the palace of the king, and all the houses of Jerusalem; every large building was destroyed by fire.

10

Then the Chaldean troops who were with the captain of the guard tore down the walls that surrounded Jerusalem.

11

² Then Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard, led into exile the last of the people remaining in the city, and those who had deserted to the king of Babylon, and the last of the artisans.

12

But some of the country’s poor, Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard, left behind as vinedressers and farmers.

13

The bronze pillars that belonged to the house of the LORD, and the wheeled carts and the bronze sea in the house of the LORD, the Chaldeans broke into pieces; they carried away the bronze to Babylon.

14

They took also the pots, the shovels, the snuffers, the bowls, the pans and all the bronze vessels used for service.

15

The fire-holders and the bowls which were of gold or silver the captain of the guard also carried off.

16

The weight in bronze of the two pillars, the bronze sea, and the wheeled carts, all of them furnishings which Solomon had made for the house of the LORD, was never calculated.

17

Each of the pillars was eighteen cubits high; a bronze capital five cubits high surmounted each pillar, and a network with pomegranates encircled the capital, all of bronze; and so for the other pillar, as regards the network.

18

The captain of the guard also took Seraiah the high priest, Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the entry.

19

And from the city he took one courtier, a commander of soldiers, five men in the personal service of the king who were still in the city, the scribe of the army commander, who mustered the people of the land, and sixty of the common people still remaining in the city.

20

The captain of the guard, Nebuzaradan, arrested these and brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah;

21

the king had them struck down and put to death in Riblah, in the land of Hamath. Thus was Judah exiled from her land.

22

As for the people whom he had allowed to remain in the land of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, appointed as their governor Gedaliah, son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan.

23

Hearing that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah governor, all the army commanders with their men came to him at Mizpah: Ishmael, son of Nethaniah, Johanan, son of Kareah, Seraiah, son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah, from Beth-maacah.

24

Gedaliah gave the commanders and their men his oath. “Do not be afraid of the Chaldean officials,” he said to them. “Remain in the country and serve the king of Babylon, and all will be well with you.”

25

But in the seventh month Ishmael, son of Nethaniah, son of Elishama, of royal descent, came with ten men, attacked Gedaliah and killed him, along with the Jews and Chaldeans who were in Mizpah with him.

26

Then all the people, great and small, left with the army commanders and went to Egypt for fear of the Chaldeans.

27

In the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin, king of Judah, on the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth month, Evilmerodach, king of Babylon, in the inaugural year of his own reign, raised up Jehoiachin, king of Judah, from prison.

28

He spoke kindly to him and gave him a throne higher than that of the other kings who were with him in Babylon.

29

Jehoiachin took off his prison garb and ate at the king’s table as long as he lived.

30

The allowance granted him by the king was a perpetual allowance, in fixed daily amounts, for as long as he lived.

1 [1-30] This chapter parallels Jer 39 and 52; see notes to those parts of Jeremiah.

2 [11] Those who had deserted: perhaps on the advice of Jeremiah; cf ⇒ Jeremiah 38:2-3.

The Bible – Old Testament

 2 Kings

Index

Chapter 24

1

During his reign Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, moved against him, and Jehoiakim became his vassal for three years. Then Jehoiakim turned and rebelled against him.

2

The LORD loosed against him bands of Chaldeans, Arameans, Moabites, and Ammonites; he loosed them against Judah to destroy it, as the LORD had threatened through his servants the prophets.

3

This befell Judah because the LORD had stated that he would inexorably put them out of his sight for the sins Manasseh had committed in all that he did;

4

and especially because of the innocent blood he shed, with which he filled Jerusalem, the LORD would not forgive.

5

The rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, with all that he did, are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.

6

Jehoiakim rested with his ancestors, and his son Jehoiachin succeeded him as king.

7

The king of Egypt did not again leave his own land, for the king of Babylon had taken all that belonged to the king of Egypt from the Wadi of Egypt to the Euphrates River.

8

¹ Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Nehushta, daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem.

9

He did evil in the sight of the LORD, just as his forebears had done.

10

At that time the officials of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, attacked Jerusalem, and the city came under siege.

11

Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, himself arrived at the city while his servants were besieging it.

12

Then Jehoiachin, king of Judah, together with his mother, his ministers, officers, and functionaries, surrendered to the king of Babylon, who, in the eighth year of his reign, took him captive.

13

He carried off all the treasures of the temple of the LORD and those of the palace, and broke up all the gold utensils that Solomon, king of Israel, had provided in the temple of the LORD, as the LORD had foretold.

14

He deported all Jerusalem: all the officers and men of the army, ten thousand in number, and all the craftsmen and smiths. None were left among the people of the land except the poor.

15

He deported Jehoiachin to Babylon, and also led captive from Jerusalem to Babylon the king’s mother and wives, his functionaries, and the chief men of the land.

16

The king of Babylon also led captive to Babylon all seven thousand men of the army, and a thousand craftsmen and smiths, all of them trained soldiers.

17

In place of Jehoiachin, the king of Babylon appointed his uncle Mattaniah king, and changed his name to Zedekiah.

18

Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

19

He also did evil in the sight of the LORD, just as Jehoiakim had done.

20

The LORD’S anger befell Jerusalem and Judah till he cast them out from his presence. Thus Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.

1 [8] He reigned three months: in the year 597 B.C.

The Bible – Old Testament

 2 Kings

Index

Chapter 23

1

The king then had all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem summoned together before him.

2

The king went up to the temple of the LORD with all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem: priests, prophets, and all the people, small and great. He had the entire contents of the book of the covenant that had been found in the temple of the LORD, read out to them.

3

Standing by the column, the king made a covenant before the LORD that they would follow him and observe his ordinances, statutes and decrees with their whole hearts and souls, thus reviving the terms of the covenant which were written in this book. And all the people stood as participants in the covenant.

4

Then the king commanded the high priest Hilkiah, his vicar, and the doorkeepers to remove from the temple of the LORD all the objects that had been made for Baal, Asherah, and the whole host of heaven. He had these burned outside Jerusalem on the slopes of the Kidron and their ashes carried to Bethel.

5

He also put an end to the pseudo-priests whom the kings of Judah had appointed to burn incense on the high places in the cities of Judah and in the vicinity of Jerusalem, as well as those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, moon, and signs of the Zodiac, and to the whole host of heaven.

6

From the temple of the LORD he also removed the sacred pole, to the Kidron Valley, outside Jerusalem; there he had it burned and beaten to dust, which was then scattered over the common graveyard.

7

¹ He tore down the apartments of the cult prostitutes which were in the temple of the LORD, and in which the women wove garments for the Asherah.

8

He brought in all the priests from the cities of Judah, and then defiled, from Geba to Beer-sheba, the high places where they had offered incense. He also tore down the high place of the satyrs, which was at the entrance of the Gate of Joshua, governor of the city, to the left as one enters the city gate.

9

The priests of the high places could not function at the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem; but they, along with their relatives, ate the unleavened bread.

10

² The king also defiled Topheth in the Valley of Ben-hinnom, so that there would no longer be an immolation of sons or daughters by fire in honor of Molech.

11

³ He did away with the horses which the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun; these were at the entrance of the temple of the LORD, near the chamber of Nathan-melech the eunuch, which was in the large building. The chariots of the sun he destroyed by fire.

12

He also demolished the altars made by the kings of Judah on the roof (the roof terrace of Ahaz), and the altars made by Manasseh in the two courts of the temple of the LORD. He pulverized them and threw the dust into the Kidron Valley.

13

⁴ The king defiled the high places east of Jerusalem, south of the Mount of Misconduct, which Solomon, king of Israel, had built in honor of Astarte, the Sidonian horror, of Chemosh, the Moabite horror, and of Milcom, the idol of the Ammonites.

14

He broke to pieces the pillars, cut down the sacred poles, and filled the places where they had been with human bones.

15

Likewise the altar which was at Bethel, the high place built by Jeroboam, son of Nebat, who caused Israel to sin – this same altar and high place he tore down, breaking up the stones and grinding them to powder, and burning the Asherah.

16

When Josiah turned and saw the graves there on the mountainside, he ordered the bones taken from the graves and burned on the altar, and thus defiled it in fulfillment of the word of the LORD which the man of God had proclaimed as Jeroboam was standing by the altar on the feast day. When the king looked up and saw the grave of the man of God who had proclaimed these words,

17

he asked, “What is that tombstone I see?” The men of the city replied, “It is the grave of the man of God who came from Judah and predicted the very things you have done to the altar of Bethel.”

18

⁵ “Let him be,” he said, “let no one move his bones.” So they left his bones undisturbed together with the bones of the prophet who had come from Samaria.

19

Josiah also removed all the shrines on the high places near the cities of Samaria which the kings of Israel had erected, thereby provoking the LORD; he did the very same to them as he had done in Bethel.

20

He slaughtered upon the altars all the priests of the high places that were at the shrines, and burned human bones upon them. Then he returned to Jerusalem.

21

The king issued a command to all the people to observe the Passover of the LORD, their God, as it was prescribed in that book of the covenant.

22

No Passover such as this had been observed during the period when the Judges ruled Israel, or during the entire period of the kings of Israel and the kings of Judah,

23

until the eighteenth year of king Josiah, when this Passover of the LORD was kept in Jerusalem.

24

⁶ Further, Josiah did away with the consultation of ghosts and spirits, with the household gods, idols, and all the other horrors to be seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, so that he might carry out the stipulations of the law written in the book that the priest Hilkiah had found in the temple of the LORD.

25

Before him there had been no king who turned to the LORD as he did, with his whole heart, his whole soul, and his whole strength, in accord with the entire law of Moses; nor could any after him compare with him.

26

Yet, because of all the provocations that Manasseh had given, the LORD did not desist from his fiercely burning anger against Judah.

27

The LORD said: “Even Judah will I put out of my sight as I did Israel. I will reject this city, Jerusalem, which I chose, and the temple of which I said, ‘There shall my name be.'”

28

The rest of the acts of Josiah, with all that he did, are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.

29

In his time Pharaoh Neco, king of Egypt, went up toward the river Euphrates to the king of Assyria. King Josiah set out to confront him, but was slain at Megiddo at the first encounter.

30

⁷ His servants brought his body on a chariot from Megiddo to Jerusalem, where they buried him in his own grave. Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz, son of Josiah, anointed him, and proclaimed him king to succeed his father.

31

Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. His mother, whose name was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah, was from Libnah.

32

He did evil in the sight of the LORD, just as his forebears had done.

33

⁸ Pharaoh Neco took him prisoner at Riblah in the land of Hamath, thus ending his reign in Jerusalem. He imposed a fine upon the land of a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.

34

Pharaoh Neco then appointed Eliakim, son of Josiah, king in place of his father Josiah; he changed his name to Jehoiakim. Jehoahaz he took away with him to Egypt, where he died.

35

Jehoiakim gave the silver and gold to Pharaoh, but taxed the land to raise the amount Pharaoh demanded. He exacted the silver and gold from the people of the land, from each proportionately, to pay Pharaoh Neco.

36

Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Zebidah, daughter of Pedaiah, from Rumah.

37

He did evil in the sight of the LORD, just as his forebears had done.

1 [7] Cult prostitutes: of both sexes; cf ⇒ 1 Kings 14:24.

2 [10] Topheth . . . by fire: condemned by Deuteronomic law and denounced by Jeremiah (⇒ Deut 12:31; ⇒ Jeremiah 7:29-31; Jer 19).

3 [11] Large building: to the west of the temple area (⇒ 1 Chron 26:18), named in the Hebrew by an Egyptian name for a similar construction.

4 [13] Mount of Misconduct: a paranomasia on “Mount of Olives” (in Hebrew Maschit/mishcheh) as suggested by the Targum. Cf Vulgate, “Mount of Offense.” Horror . . . idol: in all three phrases here the Hebrew uses a pejorative designation meaning “abomination.”

5 [18] From Samaria: more narrowly, from Bethel; cf ⇒ 1 Kings 13:31-32.

6 [24] Household gods, idols: teraphim. See note on ⇒ Genesis 31:19.

7 [30-35] People of the land: in this period, the phrase referred to “landed gentry”; in later times it meant “the poor.” Cf ⇒ 2 Kings 24:14.

8 [33] A talent of gold: some manuscripts of the Greek and Syriac texts have “ten talents.”

The Bible – Old Testament

 2 Kings

Index

Chapter 22

1

Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty-one years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jedidah, daughter of Adaiah of Bozkath.

2

He pleased the LORD and conducted himself unswervingly just as his ancestor David had done.

3

¹ In his eighteenth year, King Josiah sent the scribe Shaphan, son of Azaliah, son of Meshullam, to the temple of the LORD with orders to

4

go to the high priest Hilkiah and have him smelt down the precious metals that had been donated to the temple of the Lord, which the doorkeepers had collected from the people.

5

They were to be consigned to the master workmen in the temple of the LORD, who should then pay them out to the carpenters, builders, and lumbermen making repairs on the temple,

6

and for the purchase of wood and hewn stone for the temple repairs.

7

No reckoning was asked of them regarding the funds consigned to them, because they held positions of trust.

8

The high priest Hilkiah informed the scribe Shaphan, “I have found the book of the law in the temple of the LORD.” Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, who read it.

9

Then the scribe Shaphan went to the king and reported, “Your servants have smelted down the metals available in the temple and have consigned them to the master workmen in the temple of the LORD.”

10

The scribe Shaphan also informed the king that the priest Hilkiah had given him a book, and then read it aloud to the king.

11

When the king had heard the contents of the book of the law, he tore his garments

12

and issued this command to Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, son of Shaphan, Achbor, son of Micaiah, the scribe Shaphan, and the king’s servant Asaiah:

13

“Go, consult the LORD for me, for the people, for all Judah, about the stipulations of this book that has been found, for the anger of the LORD has been set furiously ablaze against us, because our fathers did not obey the stipulations of this book, nor fulfill our written obligations.”

14

So Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Achbor, Shaphan, and Asaiah betook themselves to the Second Quarter in Jerusalem, where the prophetess Huldah resided. She was the wife of Shallum, son of Tikvah, son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe. When they had spoken to her,

15

she said to them, “Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: ‘Say to the man who sent you to me,

16

Thus says the LORD: I will bring upon this place and upon its inhabitants all the evil that is threatened in the book which the king of Judah has read.

17

Because they have forsaken me and have burned incense to other gods, provoking me by everything to which they turn their hands, my anger is ablaze against this place and it cannot be extinguished.’

18

“But to the king of Judah who sent you to consult the LORD, give this response: ‘Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: As for the threats you have heard,

19

because you were heartsick and have humbled yourself before the LORD when you heard my threats that this place and its inhabitants would become a desolation and a curse; because you tore your garments and wept before me; I in turn have listened, says the LORD.

20

I will therefore gather you to your ancestors; you shall go to your grave in peace, and your eyes shall not see all the evil I will bring upon this place.'” This they reported to the king.

1 [3] Shaphan: head of a prominent family in the reign of Josiah, secretary to the king, bearer and reader of the newfound book of the law (⇒ 2 Kings 22:3-13; ⇒ 2 Chron 34:8-9, ⇒ 15-20). He and his sons favored the reform of King Josiah and supported the prophet Jeremiah; cf ⇒ Jeremiah 26:24.

The Bible – Old Testament

 2 Kings

Index

Chapter 21

1

Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-five years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hephzibah.

2

He did evil in the sight of the LORD, following the abominable practices of the nations whom the LORD had cleared out of the way of the Israelites.

3

He rebuilt the high places which his father Hezekiah had destroyed. He erected altars to Baal, and also set up a sacred pole, as Ahab, king of Israel, had done. He worshiped and served the whole host of heaven.

4

He built altars in the temple of the LORD, about which the LORD had said, “I will establish my name in Jerusalem” – 

5

altars for the whole host of heaven, in the two courts of the temple.

6

He immolated his son by fire. He practiced soothsaying and divination, and reintroduced the consulting of ghosts and spirits. He did much evil in the LORD’S sight and provoked him to anger.

7

The Asherah idol he had made, he set up in the temple, of which the LORD had said to David and to his son Solomon: “In this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I shall place my name forever.

8

I will not in future allow Israel to be driven off the land I gave their fathers, provided that they are careful to observe all I have commanded them, the entire law which my servant Moses enjoined upon them.”

9

But they did not listen, and Manasseh misled them into doing even greater evil than the nations whom the LORD had destroyed at the coming of the Israelites.

10

Then the LORD spoke through his servants the prophets:

11

“Because Manasseh, king of Judah, has practiced these abominations and has done greater evil than all that was done by the Amorites before him, and has led Judah into sin by his idols,

12

therefore thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: ‘I will bring such evil on Jerusalem and Judah that, whenever anyone hears of it, his ears shall ring.

13

I will measure Jerusalem with the same cord as I did Samaria, and with the plummet I used for the house of Ahab. I will wipe Jerusalem clean as one wipes a dish, wiping it inside and out.

14

I will cast off the survivors of my inheritance and deliver them into enemy hands, to become a prey and a booty for all their enemies,

15

because they have done evil in my sight and provoked me from the day their fathers came forth from Egypt until today.'”

16

In addition to the sin which he caused Judah to commit, Manasseh did evil in the sight of the LORD, shedding so much innocent blood as to fill the length and breadth of Jerusalem.

17

The rest of the acts of Manasseh, the sin he committed and all that he did, are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.

18

Manasseh rested with his ancestors and was buried in his palace garden, the garden of Uzza. His son Amon succeeded him as king.

19

Amon was twenty-two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned two years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Meshullemeth, daughter of Haruz of Jotbah.

20

He did evil in the sight of the LORD, as his father Manasseh had done.

21

He followed exactly the path his father had trod, serving and worshiping the idols his father had served.

22

He abandoned the LORD, the God of his fathers, and did not follow the path of the LORD.

23

Subjects of Amon conspired against him and slew the king in his palace,

24

but the people of the land then slew all who had conspired against King Amon, and proclaimed his son Josiah king in his stead.

25

The rest of the acts that Amon did are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.

26

He was buried in his own grave in the garden of Uzza, and his son Josiah succeeded him as king.

 

The Bible – Old Testament

 2 Kings

Index

Chapter 20

1

In those days, when Hezekiah was mortally ill, the prophet Isaiah, son of Amoz, came and said to him: “Thus says the LORD: ‘Put your house in order, for you are about to die; you shall not recover.'”

2

He turned his face to the wall and prayed to the LORD:

3

“O LORD, remember how faithfully and wholeheartedly I conducted myself in your presence, doing what was pleasing to you!” And Hezekiah wept bitterly.

4

Before Isaiah had left the central courtyard, the word of the LORD came to him:

5

“Go back and tell Hezekiah, the leader of my people: ‘Thus says the LORD, the God of your forefather David: I have heard your prayer and seen your tears. I will heal you. In three days you shall go up to the LORD’S temple;

6

I will add fifteen years to your life. I will rescue you and this city from the hand of the king of Assyria; I will be a shield to this city for my own sake, and for the sake of my servant David.'”

7

Isaiah then ordered a poultice of figs to be brought and applied to the boil, that he might recover.

8

Then Hezekiah asked Isaiah, “What is the sign that the LORD will heal me and that I shall go up to the temple of the LORD on the third day?”

9

Isaiah replied, “This will be the sign for you from the LORD that he will do what he has promised: Shall the shadow go forward or back ten steps?”

10

“It is easy for the shadow to advance ten steps,” Hezekiah answered. “Rather, let it go back ten steps.”

11

So the prophet Isaiah invoked the LORD, who made the shadow retreat the ten steps it had descended on the staircase to the terrace of Ahaz.

12

¹ At that time, when Merodachbaladan, son of Baladan, king of Babylon, heard that Hezekiah had been ill, he sent letters and gifts to him.

13

Hezekiah was pleased at this, and therefore showed the messengers his whole treasury, his silver, gold, spices and fine oil, his armory, and all that was in his storerooms; there was nothing in his house or in all his realm that Hezekiah did not show them.

14

Then Isaiah the prophet came to King Hezekiah and asked him: “What did these men say to you? Where did they come from?” “They came from a distant land, from Babylon,” replied Hezekiah.

15

“What did they see in your house?” the prophet asked. “They saw everything in my house,” answered Hezekiah. “There is nothing in my storerooms that I did not show them.”

16

Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah: “Hear the word of the LORD:

17

The time is coming when all that is in your house, and everything that your fathers have stored up until this day, shall be carried off to Babylon; nothing shall be left, says the LORD.

18

Some of your own bodily descendants shall be taken and made servants in the palace of the king of Babylon.”

19

Hezekiah replied to Isaiah, “The word of the LORD which you have spoken is favorable.” For he thought, “There will be peace and security in my lifetime.”

20

² The rest of the acts of Hezekiah, all his valor, and his construction of the pool and conduit by which water was brought into the city, are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.

21

Hezekiah rested with his ancestors and his son Manasseh succeeded him as king.

1 [12-19] Duplication of ⇒ Isaiah 39:1-8.

2 [20] Pool and conduit: Hezekiah’s tunnel; cf ⇒ 2 Chron 32:30.

The Bible – Old Testament

 2 Kings

Index

Chapter 19

1

When King Hezekiah heard this, he tore his garments, wrapped himself in sackcloth, and went into the temple of the LORD.

2

He sent Eliakim, the master of the palace, Shebnah the scribe, and the elders of the priests, wrapped in sackcloth, to tell the prophet Isaiah, son of Amoz,

3

¹ “Thus says Hezekiah: ‘This is a day of distress, of rebuke, and of disgrace. Children are at the point of birth, but there is no strength to bring them forth.

4

Perhaps the LORD, your God, will hear all the words of the commander, whom his master, the king of Assyria, sent to taunt the living God, and will rebuke him for the words which the LORD, your God, has heard. So send up a prayer for the remnant that is here.'”

5

When the servants of King Hezekiah had come to Isaiah,

6

he said to them, “Tell this to your master: ‘Thus says the LORD: Do not be frightened by the words you have heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.

7

I am about to put in him such a spirit that, when he hears a certain report, he will return to his own land, and there I will cause him to fall by the sword.'”

8

When the commander, on his return, heard that the king of Assyria had withdrawn from Lachish, he found him besieging Libnah.

9

The king of Assyria heard a report that Tirhakah, king of Ethiopia, had come out to fight against him. Again he sent envoys to Hezekiah with this message:

10

“Thus shall you say to Hezekiah, king of Judah: ‘Do not let your God on whom you rely deceive you by saying that Jerusalem will not be handed over to the king of Assyria.

11

You have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all other countries: they doomed them! Will you, then, be saved?

12

Did the gods of the nations whom my fathers destroyed save them? Gozan, Haran, Rezeph, or the Edenites in Telassar?

13

Where are the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, or the kings of the cities Sepharvaim, Hena and Avva?'”

14

Hezekiah took the letter from the hand of the messengers and read it; then he went up to the temple of the LORD, and spreading it out before him,

15

he prayed in the LORD’S presence: “O LORD, God of Israel, enthroned upon the cherubim! You alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made the heavens and the earth.

16

Incline your ear, O LORD, and listen! Open your eyes, O LORD, and see! Hear the words of Sennacherib which he sent to taunt the living God.

17

Truly, O LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste the nations and their lands,

18

and cast their gods into the fire; they destroyed them because they were not gods, but the work of human hands, wood and stone.

19

Therefore, O LORD, our God, save us from the power of this man, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that you alone, O LORD, are God.”

20

Then Isaiah, son of Amoz, sent this message to Hezekiah: “Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, in answer to your prayer for help against Sennacherib, king of Assyria: I have listened!

21

² This is the word the LORD has spoken concerning him: ” ‘She despises you, laughs you to scorn, the virgin daughter Zion! Behind you she wags her head, daughter Jerusalem.

22

Whom have you insulted and blasphemed, against whom have you raised your voice’And lifted up your eyes on high? Against the Holy One of Israel!

23

Through your servants you have insulted the LORD. You said: With my many chariots I climbed the mountain heights, the recesses of Lebanon; I cut down its lofty cedars, its choice cypresses; I reached the remotest heights, its forest park.

24

I dug wells and drank water in foreign lands; I dried up with the soles of my feet all the rivers of Egypt.

25

” ‘Have you not heard? Long ago I prepared it, From days of old I planned it. Now I have brought it to pass: That you should reduce fortified cities into heaps of ruins,

26

While their inhabitants, shorn of power, are dismayed and ashamed, Becoming like the plants of the field, like the green growth, like the scorched grass on the housetops.

27

I am aware whether you stand or sit; I know whether you come or go,

28

and also your rage against me. Because of your rage against me and your fury which has reached my ears, I will put my hook in your nose and my bit in your mouth, and make you return the way you came.

29

” ‘This shall be a sign for you: this year you shall eat the aftergrowth, next year, what grows of itself; But in the third year, sow and reap, plant vineyards and eat their fruit!

30

The remaining survivors of the house of Judah shall again strike root below and bear fruit above.

31

For out of Jerusalem shall come a remnant, and from Mount Zion, survivors. The zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this.’

32

“Therefore, thus says the LORD concerning the king of Assyria: ‘He shall not reach this city, nor shoot an arrow at it, nor come before it with a shield, nor cast up siege-works against it.

33

He shall return by the same way he came, without entering the city, says the LORD.

34

I will shield and save this city for my own sake, and for the sake of my servant David.'”

35

That night the angel of the LORD went forth and struck down one hundred and eighty-five thousand men in the Assyrian camp. Early the next morning, there they were, all the corpses of the dead.

36

So Sennacherib, the king of Assyria, broke camp, and went back home to Nineveh.

37

When he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisroch, his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer slew him with the sword and fled into the land of Ararat. His son Esarhaddon reigned in his stead.

1 [3] See note on ⇒ Isaiah 37:3.

2 [21-31] 2KI ⇒ 19:21-28 are addressed to Sennacherib, ⇒ 2 Kings 19:29-31 to Judah.

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 2 Kings

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Chapter 18

1

In the third year of Hoshea, son of Elah, king of Israel, Hezekiah, son of Ahaz, king of Judah, began to reign.

2

He was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Abi, daughter of Zechariah.

3

He pleased the LORD, just as his forefather David had done.

4

It was he who removed the high places, shattered the pillars, and cut down the sacred poles. He smashed the bronze serpent called Nehushtan which Moses had made, because up to that time the Israelites were burning incense to it.

5

He put his trust in the LORD, the God of Israel; and neither before him nor after him was there anyone like him among all the kings of Judah.

6

Loyal to the LORD, Hezekiah never turned away from him, but observed the commandments which the LORD had given Moses.

7

The LORD was with him, and he prospered in all that he set out to do. He rebelled against the king of Assyria and did not serve him.

8

He also subjugated the watchtowers and walled cities of the Philistines, all the way to Gaza and its territory.

9

¹ In the fourth year of King Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea, son of Elah, king of Israel, Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, attacked Samaria, laid siege to it,

10

and after three years captured it. In the sixth year of Hezekiah, the ninth year of Hoshea, king of Israel, Samaria was taken.

11

The king of Assyria then deported the Israelites to Assyria and settled them in Halah, at the Habor, a river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

12

This came about because they had not heeded the warning of the LORD, their God, but violated his covenant, not heeding and not fulfilling the commandments of Moses, the servant of the LORD.

13

^2 3 In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib, king of Assyria, went on an expedition against all the fortified cities of Judah and captured them.

14

Hezekiah, king of Judah, sent this message to the king of Assyria at Lachish: “I have done wrong. Leave me, and I will pay whatever tribute you impose on me.” The king of Assyria exacted three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold from Hezekiah, king of Judah.

15

Hezekiah paid him all the funds there were in the temple of the LORD and in the palace treasuries.

16

He broke up the door panels and the uprights of the temple of the LORD which he himself had ordered to be overlaid with gold, and gave the gold to the king of Assyria.

17

⁴ The king of Assyria sent the general, the lord chamberlain, and the commander from Lachish with a great army to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem. They went up, and on their arrival in Jerusalem, stopped at the conduit of the upper pool on the highway of the fuller’s field.

18

They called for the king, who sent out to them Eliakim, son of Hilkiah, the master of the palace; Shebnah the scribe; and the herald Joah, son of Asaph.

19

The commander said to them, “Tell Hezekiah, ‘Thus says the great king, the king of Assyria: On what do you base this confidence of yours?

20

Do you think mere words substitute for strategy and might in war? On whom, then, do you rely, that you rebel against me?

21

This Egypt, the staff on which you rely, is in fact a broken reed which pierces the hand of anyone who leans on it. That is what Pharaoh, king of Egypt, is to all who rely on him.

22

But if you say to me, We rely on the LORD, our God, is not he the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah has removed, commanding Judah and Jerusalem to worship before this altar in Jerusalem?’

23

“Now, make a wager with my lord, the king of Assyria: I will give you two thousand horses if you can put riders on them.

24

How then can you repulse even one of the least servants of my lord, relying as you do on Egypt for chariots and horsemen?

25

Was it without the LORD’S will that I have come up to destroy this place? The LORD said to me, ‘Go up and destroy that land!'”

26

Then Eliakim, son of Hilkiah, and Shebnah and Joah said to the commander: “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic; we understand it. Do not speak to us in Judean within earshot of the people who are on the wall.”

27

But the commander replied: “Was it to your master and to you that my lord sent me to speak these words? Was it not rather to the men sitting on the wall, who, with you, will have to eat their own excrement and drink their urine?”

28

Then the commander stepped forward and cried out in a loud voice in Judean, “Listen to the words of the great king, the king of Assyria.

29

Thus says the king: ‘Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, since he cannot deliver you out of my hand.

30

Let not Hezekiah induce you to rely on the LORD, saying, The LORD will surely save us; this city will not be handed over to the king of Assyria.

31

Do not listen to Hezekiah, for the king of Assyria says: Make peace with me and surrender! Then each of you will eat of his own vine and of his own fig-tree, and drink the water of his own cistern,

32

until I come to take you to a land like your own, a land of grain and wine, of bread and orchards, of olives, oil and fruit syrup. Choose life, not death. Do not listen to Hezekiah when he would seduce you by saying, The LORD will rescue us.

33

Has any of the gods of the nations ever rescued his land from the hand of the king of Assyria?

34

Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Avva? Where are the gods of the land of Samaria?

35

Which of the gods for all these lands ever rescued his land from my hand? Will the LORD then rescue Jerusalem from my hand?'”

36

But the people remained silent and did not answer him one word, for the king had ordered them not to answer him.

37

Then the master of the palace, Eliakim, son of Hilkiah, Shebnah the scribe, and the herald Joah, son of Asaph, came to Hezekiah with their garments torn, and reported to him what the commander had

1 [9] See note on ⇒ 2 Kings 16:9.

2 [⇒ 18:13-⇒ 20:11] Duplication of ⇒ Isaiah 36:1-22; 37; ⇒ 38:8, ⇒ 21-22.

3 [13] Sennacherib succeeded Sargon II as king of Assyria. His Judean campaign was waged in 701 B.C. See note on ⇒ 2 Kings 16:9.

4 [17] General, the lord chamberlain . . . commander: the text lists three major functionaries by their Assyrian titles, of which only the first, more nearly “lord lieutenant,” is military in origin; the commander was technically the king’s chief butler.

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 2 Kings

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Chapter 17

1

In the twelfth year of Ahaz, king of Judah, Hoshea, son of Elah, began his nine-year reign over Israel in Samaria.

2

He did evil in the sight of the LORD, yet not to the extent of the kings of Israel before him.

3

¹ Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, advanced against him, and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute.

4

But the king of Assyria found Hoshea guilty of conspiracy for sending envoys to the king of Egypt at Sais, and for failure to pay the annual tribute to his Assyrian overlord.

5

For this, the king of Assyria arrested and imprisoned Hoshea; he then occupied the whole land and attacked Samaria, which he besieged for three years.

6

² In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria took Samaria, and deported the Israelites to Assyria, settling them in Halah, at the Habor, a river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

7

This came about because the Israelites sinned against the LORD, their God, who had brought them up from the land of Egypt, from under the domination of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and because they venerated other gods.

8

They followed the rites of the nations whom the LORD had cleared out of the way of the Israelites (and the kings of Israel whom they set up).

9

They adopted unlawful practices toward the LORD, their God. They built high places in all their settlements, the watchtowers as well as the walled cities.

10

They set up pillars and sacred poles for themselves on every high hill and under every leafy tree.

11

There, on all the high places, they burned incense like the nations whom the LORD had sent into exile at their coming. They did evil things that provoked the LORD,

12

and served idols, although the LORD had told them, “You must not do this.”

13

And though the LORD warned Israel and Judah by every prophet and seer, “Give up your evil ways and keep my commandments and statutes, in accordance with the entire law which I enjoined on your fathers and which I sent you by my servants the prophets,”

14

they did not listen, but were as stiff-necked as their fathers, who had not believed in the LORD, their God.

15

They rejected his statutes, the covenant which he had made with their fathers, and the warnings which he had given them. The vanity they pursued, they themselves became: they followed the surrounding nations whom the LORD had commanded them not to imitate.

16

They disregarded all the commandments of the LORD, their God, and made for themselves two molten calves; they also made a sacred pole and worshiped all the host of heaven, and served Baal.

17

They immolated their sons and daughters by fire, practiced fortune-telling and divination, and sold themselves into evil doing in the LORD’S sight, provoking him

18

till, in his great anger against Israel, the LORD put them away out of his sight. Only the tribe of Judah was left.

19

Even the people of Judah, however, did not keep the commandments of the LORD, their God, but followed the rites practiced by Israel.

20

So the LORD rejected the whole race of Israel. He afflicted them and delivered them over to plunderers, finally casting them out from before him.

21

When he tore Israel away from the house of David, they made Jeroboam, son of Nebat, king; he drove the Israelites away from the LORD, causing them to commit a great sin.

22

The Israelites imitated Jeroboam in all the sins he committed, nor would they desist from them.

23

Finally, the LORD put Israel away out of his sight as he had foretold through all his servants, the prophets; and Israel went into exile from their native soil to Assyria, an exile lasting to the present.

24

The king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, Cuthah, Avva, Hamath, and Sepharvaim, and settled them in the cities of Samaria in place of the Israelites. They took possession of Samaria and dwelt in its cities.

25

When they first settled there, they did not venerate the LORD, so he sent lions among them that killed some of their number.

26

A report reached the king of Assyria: “The nations whom you deported and settled in the cities of Samaria do not know how to worship the God of the land, and he has sent lions among them that are killing them, since they do not know how to worship the God of the land.”

27

The king of Assyria gave the order, “Send back one of the priests whom I deported, to go there and settle, to teach them how to worship the God of the land.”

28

So one of the priests who had been deported from Samaria returned and settled in Bethel, and taught them how to venerate the LORD.

29

But these peoples began to make their own gods in the various cities in which they were living; in the shrines on the high places which the Samarians had made, each people set up gods.

30

Thus the Babylonians made Marduk and his consort; the men of Cuth made Nergal; the men of Hamath made Ashima;

31

the men of Avva made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the men of Sepharvaim immolated their children by fire to their city gods, King Hadad and his consort Anath.

32

They also venerated the LORD, choosing from their number priests for the high places, who officiated for them in the shrines on the high places.

33

But, while venerating the LORD, they served their own gods, following the worship of the nations from among whom they had been deported.

34

³ To this day they worship according to their ancient rites. (They did not venerate the LORD nor observe the statutes and regulations, the law and commandments, which the LORD enjoined on the descendants of Jacob, whom he had named Israel.

35

When he made a covenant with them, he commanded them: “You must not venerate other gods, nor worship them, nor serve them, nor offer sacrifice to them.

36

The LORD, who brought you up from the land of Egypt with great power and outstretched arm: him shall you venerate, him shall you worship, and to him shall you sacrifice.

37

You must be careful to observe forever the statutes and regulations, the law and commandment, which he wrote for you, and you must not venerate other gods.

38

The covenant which I made with you, you must not forget; you must not venerate other gods.

39

But the LORD, your God, you must venerate; it is he who will deliver you from the power of all your enemies.”

40

They did not listen, however, but continued in their earlier manner.)

41

Thus these nations venerated the LORD, but also served their idols. And their sons and grandsons, to this day, are doing as their fathers did.

1 [3] Shalmaneser: son and successor of Tiglath-pileser.

2 [6] The king of Assyria: Shalmaneser’s successor and usurper, Sargon II.

3 [34-40] They did not . . . earlier manner: this passage is an adaptation of language denouncing the Israelites to make it applicable to the later Samaritan sect of postexilic times. The original bearing of the discourse [2 KINGS 13-15] can be seen by reading it between ⇒ 2 Kings 17:22 and ⇒ 2 Kings 17:23. Cf also ⇒ 2 Kings 18:12.

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 2 Kings

Index

Chapter 16

1

In the seventeenth year of Pekah, son of Remaliah, Ahaz, son of Jotham, king of Judah, began to reign.

2

Ahaz was twenty years old when he became king, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. He did not please the LORD, his God, like his forefather David,

3

but conducted himself like the kings of Israel, and even immolated his son by fire, in accordance with the abominable practice of the nations whom the LORD had cleared out of the way of the Israelites.

4

Further, he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places, on hills, and under every leafy tree.

5

Then Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, son of Remaliah, king of Israel, came up to Jerusalem to attack it. Although they besieged Ahaz, they were unable to conquer him.

6

At the same time the king of Edom recovered Elath for Edom, driving the Judeans out of it. The Edomites then entered Elath, which they have occupied until the present.

7

Meanwhile, Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglath-pileser, king of Assyria, with the plea: “I am your servant and your son. Come up and rescue me from the clutches of the king of Aram and the king of Israel, who are attacking me.”

8

Ahaz took the silver and gold that were in the temple of the LORD and in the palace treasuries and sent them as a present to the king of Assyria,

9

¹ who listened to him and moved against Damascus, which he captured. He deported its inhabitants to Kir and put Rezin to death.

10

King Ahaz went to Damascus to meet Tiglath-pileser, king of Assyria. When he saw the altar in Damascus, King Ahaz sent to Uriah the priest a model of the altar and a detailed design of its construction.

11

Uriah the priest built an altar according to the plans which King Ahaz sent him from Damascus, and had it completed by the time the king returned home.

12

On his arrival from Damascus, the king inspected this altar, then went up to it and offered sacrifice on it,

13

burning his holocaust and cereal-offering, pouring out his libation, and sprinkling the blood of his peace-offerings on the altar.

14

The bronze altar that stood before the LORD he brought from the front of the temple – that is, from the space between the new altar and the temple of the LORD – and set it on the north side of his altar.

15

² “Upon the large altar,” King Ahaz commanded Uriah the priest, “burn the morning holocaust and the evening cereal offering, the royal holocaust and cereal offering, as well as the holocausts, cereal offerings, and libations of the people. You must also sprinkle on it all the blood of holocausts and sacrifices. But the old bronze altar shall be mine for consultation.”

16

Uriah the priest did just as King Ahaz had commanded.

17

King Ahaz detached the frames from the bases and removed the lavers from them; he also took down the bronze sea from the bronze oxen that supported it, and set it on a stone pavement.

18

³ In deference to the king of Assyria he removed from the temple of the LORD the emplacement which had been built in the temple for a throne, and the outer entrance for the king.

19

The rest of the acts of Ahaz are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.

20

Ahaz rested with his ancestors and was buried with them in the City of David. His son Hezekiah succeeded him as king.

1 [9] Firmly dated events bearing on chapters 16 through 20 are: the fall of Damascus (⇒ 2 Kings 16:9) in 732 B.C., the fall of Samaria (⇒ 2 Kings 18:9-11) in 721 B.C., and Sennacherib’s invasion of Judah (⇒ 2 Kings 18:13) in 701 B.C., which is equated both in Kgs and in ⇒ Isaiah 36:1 with the 14th year of Hezekiah. These data make it necessary to credit Ahaz with at least a twenty-year reign, between 735 and c. 715 B.C., and to exclude the correlations between Hoshea of Israel and Hezekiah in 2 Kings 18. If the 14th-year correspondence for 701 B.C. is given up, other arrangements are possible. The alleged ages of Jotham (⇒ 2 Kings 15:33), Ahaz (⇒ 2 Kings 16:2), and Hezekiah (⇒ 2 Kings 18:2) at their successive accessions to the throne do not argue for an early date for Hezekiah; but one or more of these may be artificial. Azariah (⇒ 2 Kings 15:1-7; ⇒ Isaiah 6:1) was still on the throne of Judah in 743 B.C.

2 [15] For consultation: perhaps the introduction into Judah of the Babylonian practice of omen sacrifices; cf ⇒ Ezekiel 21:16.

3 [18] Emplacement . . . for a throne, and the outer entrance for the king: signs of sovereignty for the Hebrew kings.

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 2 Kings

Index

 

Chapter 15

1

¹ Azariah, son of Amaziah, king of Judah, became king in the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam, king of Israel.

2

He was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem. His mother, whose name was Jecholiah, was from Jerusalem.

3

He pleased the LORD just as his father Amaziah had done.

4

Yet the high places did not disappear; the people continued to sacrifice and to burn incense on them.

5

The LORD afflicted the king, and he was a leper to the day of his death. He lived in a house apart, while Jotham, the king’s son, was vizier and regent for the people of the land.

6

The rest of the acts of Azariah, and all his accomplishments, are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.

7

Azariah rested with his ancestors, and was buried with them in the City of David. His son Jotham succeeded him as king.

8

In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah, king of Judah, Zechariah, son of Jeroboam, was king of Israel in Samaria for six months.

9

He did evil in the sight of the LORD as his fathers had done, and did not desist from the sins which Jeroboam, son of Nebat, had caused Israel to commit.

10

Shallum, son of Jabesh, conspired against Zechariah, attacked and killed him at Ibleam, and reigned in his place.

11

The rest of the acts of Zechariah are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.

12

Thus the LORD’S promise to Jehu, “Your descendants to the fourth generation shall sit upon the throne of Israel,” was fulfilled.

13

Shallum, son of Jabesh, became king in the thirty-ninth year of Uzziah, king of Judah; he reigned one month in Samaria.

14

Menahem, son of Gadi, came up from Tirzah to Samaria, where he attacked and killed Shallum, son of Jabesh, and reigned in his place.

15

The rest of the acts of Shallum, and the fact of his conspiracy, are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.

16

At that time, Menahem punished Tappuah, all the inhabitants of the town and of its whole district, because on his way from Tirzah they did not let him in. He punished them even to ripping open all the pregnant women.

17

In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah, king of Judah, Menahem, son of Gadi, began his ten-year reign over Samaria.

18

He did evil in the sight of the LORD, not desisting from the sins which Jeroboam, son of Nebat, had caused Israel to commit. During his reign,

19

² Pul, king of Assyria, invaded the land, and Menahem gave him a thousand talents of silver to have his assistance in strengthening his hold on the kingdom.

20

Menahem secured the money to give to the king of Assyria by exacting it from all the men of substance in the country, fifty silver shekels from each. The king of Assyria did not remain in the country but withdrew.

21

The rest of the acts of Menahem, and all his accomplishments, are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.

22

Menahem rested with his ancestors, and his son Pekahiah succeeded him as king.

23

In the fiftieth year of Azariah, king of Judah, Pekahiah, son of Menahem, began his two-year reign over Israel in Samaria.

24

He did evil in the sight of the LORD, not desisting from the sins which Jeroboam, son of Nebat, had caused Israel to commit.

25

His adjutant Pekah, son of Remaliah, who had with him fifty men from Gilead, conspired against him, killed him within the palace stronghold in Samaria, and reigned in his place.

26

The rest of the acts of Pekahiah, and all his accomplishments, are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.

27

³ In the fifty-second year of Azariah, king of Judah, Pekah, son of Remaliah, began his twenty-year reign over Israel in Samaria.

28

He did evil in the sight of the LORD, not desisting from the sins which Jeroboam, son of Nebat, had caused Israel to commit.

29

During the reign of Pekah, king of Israel, Tiglath-pileser, king of Assyria, came and took Ijon, Abel-beth-maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, all the territory of Naphtali, Gilead, and Galilee, deporting the inhabitants to Assyria.

30

Hoshea, son of Elah, conspired against Pekah, son of Remaliah; he attacked and killed him, and reigned in his place (in the twentieth year of Jotham, son of Uzziah).

31

The rest of the acts of Pekah, and all his accomplishments, are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.

32

In the second year of Pekah, son of Remaliah, king of Israel, Jotham, son of Uzziah, king of Judah, began to reign.

33

He was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jerusha, daughter of Zadok.

34

He pleased the LORD, just as his father Uzziah had done.

35

⁴ Nevertheless the high places did not disappear and the people continued to sacrifice and to burn incense on them. It was he who built the Upper Gate of the temple of the LORD.

36

The rest of the acts of Jotham, and all his accomplishments, are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.

37

It was at that time that the LORD first loosed Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, son of Remaliah, against Judah.

38

Jotham rested with his ancestors and was buried with them in his forefather’s City of David. His son Ahaz succeeded him as king.

1 [1] Twenty-seventh year: see note on ⇒ 2 Kings 14:1-2.

2 [19] Pul: The Babylonian throne name of the Assyrian Tiglath-pileser III; cf ⇒ 2 Kings 15:29.

3 [27] The twenty years here ascribed to Pekah are an impossibility; the calculation which made his reign, of five years at most, appear so long may have been based on the attempt to give Jotham of Judah a full sixteen-year reign independently of his regency. See ⇒ 2 Kings 16:1 and the note on ⇒ 2 Kings 14:1-2.

4 [35] The Upper Gate: also the Gate of Benjamin; cf ⇒ Jeremiah 20:2; ⇒ Ezekiel 9:2.

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 2 Kings

Index

Chapter 14

1

¹ In the second year of Joash, son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel, Amaziah, son of Joash, king of Judah, began to reign.

2

He was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother, whose name was Jehoaddin, was from Jerusalem.

3

He pleased the LORD, yet not like his forefather David, since he did just as his father Joash had done.

4

Thus the high places did not disappear, but the people continued to sacrifice and to burn incense on them.

5

When Amaziah had the kingdom firmly in hand, he slew the officials who had murdered the king, his father.

6

But the children of the murderers he did not put to death, obeying the LORD’S command written in the book of the law of Moses, “Fathers shall not be put to death for their children, nor shall children be put to death for their fathers; each one shall die for his own sin.”

7

Amaziah slew ten thousand Edomites in the Salt Valley, and took Sela in battle. He renamed it Joktheel, the name it has to this day.

8

Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash, son of Jehoahaz, son of Jehu, king of Israel, with this challenge, “Come, let us meet face to face.”

9

King Jehoash of Israel sent this reply to the king of Judah: “The thistle of Lebanon sent word to the cedar of Lebanon, ‘Give your daughter to my son in marriage,’ but an animal of Lebanon passed by and trampled the thistle underfoot.

10

You have indeed conquered Edom, and you have become ambitious. Enjoy your glory, but stay at home! Why involve yourself and Judah with you in misfortune and failure?”

11

But Amaziah would not listen. King Jehoash of Israel then advanced, and he and King Amaziah of Judah met in battle at Beth-shemesh of Judah.

12

Judah was defeated by Israel, and all the Judean soldiery fled homeward.

13

King Jehoash of Israel captured Amaziah, son of Jehoash, son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, at Beth-shemesh. He went on to Jerusalem where he tore down four hundred cubits of the city wall, from the Gate of Ephraim to the Corner Gate.

14

He took all the gold and silver and all the utensils there were in the temple of the LORD and the treasuries of the palace, and hostages as well. Then he returned to Samaria.

15

The rest of the acts of Jehoash, his valor, and how he fought Amaziah, king of Judah, are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.

16

Jehoash rested with his ancestors; he was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. His son Jeroboam succeeded him as king.

17

² Amaziah, son of Joash, king of Judah, survived Jehoash, son of Jehoahaz, king of Israel, by fifteen years.

18

The rest of the acts of Amaziah are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah.

19

When a conspiracy was formed against him in Jerusalem, he fled to Lachish. But he was pursued to Lachish and killed there.

20

He was brought back on horses and buried with his ancestors in the City of David in Jerusalem.

21

³ Thereupon all the people of Judah took the sixteen-year-old Azariah and proclaimed him king to succeed his father Amaziah.

22

It was Azariah who rebuilt Elath and restored it to Judah, after King Amaziah rested with his ancestors.

23

In the fifteenth year of Amaziah, son of Joash, king of Judah, Jeroboam, son of Joash, king of Israel, began his forty-one-year reign in Samaria.

24

He did evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not desist from any of the sins which Jeroboam, son of Nebat, had caused Israel to commit.

25

⁴ He restored the boundaries of Israel from Labo-of-Hamath to the sea of the Arabah, just as the LORD, the God of Israel, had prophesied through his servant, the prophet Jonah, son of Amittai, from Gath-hepher.

26

For the LORD saw the very bitter affliction of Israel, where there was neither slave nor freeman, no one at all to help Israel.

27

Since the LORD had not determined to blot out the name of Israel from under the heavens, he saved them through Jeroboam, son of Joash.

28

The rest of the acts of Jeroboam, his valor and all his accomplishments, how he fought with Damascus and turned back Hamath from Israel, are recorded in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.

29

Jeroboam rested with his ancestors, the kings of Israel, and his son Zechariah succeeded him as king.

1 [1-2] In the second year . . . twenty-nine years in Jerusalem: the reigns of the kings of Judah between Athaliah and Ahaz are assigned too many years in all to correspond to the reigns in Israel from Jehu to the fall of Samaria. It seems probable that Amaziah was murdered as soon as his son Azariah was old enough to rule, and that Amaziah’s reign was nearer nineteen than twenty-nine years. The correlation, in ⇒ 2 Kings 15:1 of the beginning of Azariah’s reign with the 27th year of Jeroboam II can hardly be correct; and the sixteen-year reign of Jotham of Judah (⇒ 2 Kings 15:33) consisted for the most part of a regency during the illness of his father (⇒ 2 Kings 15:5).

2 [17] See note on ⇒ 2 Kings 14:1-2.

3 [21] Azariah: also called Uzziah in many texts.

4 [25] Sea of the Arabah: the Dead Sea. Jonah: see note on ⇒ Jonah 1:1.